Factors Affecting the Development of Small Medium Enterprises in the Niger Republic: An Exploratory Study
Keywords:
Entrepreneurship, exploratory factor analysis, policymakers, small-medium enterprises, Niger Republic
Abstract
Over the past few years, the Republic of Niger has seen an increase in young entrepreneurs across a wide range of sectors. Many obstacles could impede the progress of these entrepreneurs. This study examines the factors that affect the development of small-medium enterprises in the Niger Republic. Based on primary data collected from entrepreneurs, factor analysis was performed. The findings of the study showed that the most significant factors of the development of small-medium enterprises in the Niger Republic were the "internal structure of the enterprise, followed by the characteristics of the entrepreneurs, and lastly the external environment of the enterprise. Finally, the study concludes with some recommendations for policymakers and educational institutions to promote the productivity of the small-medium enterprises and to stimulate entrepreneurial enthusiasm among youth that could enhance the country's economy.
References
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Odumosu, A. A., Binuyo, A. O., Adefulu, A. D., & Asikhia, O. U. (2020). Social innovation and graduate entrepreneurship in Nigeria. IOSR J. Bus. Manag, 22, 48-55.
Omeje, A. N., Jideofor, A., & Ugwu, M. O. (2020). Youth empowerment and entrepreneurship in Nigeria: Implication for economic diversification. SAGE Open, 10(4), 2158244020982996.
Omoju, O. E., & Abraham, T. W. (2014). Youth bulge and demographic dividend in Nigeria. African Population Studies, 27(2), 352-360.
Owualah, S. L. (1999). Tackling youth unemployment through entrepreneurship. International Small Business Journal, 17(3), 49-59.
Reynolds, PD and RT Curtain (2008): Business creation in the United States: Panel study of entrepreneurial dynamics II. Initial assessment. Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 4(3), 155–307.
Sawadogo, A. F. W. Quel effet du parcours scolaire sur les aspirations des jeunes à une carrière entrepreneuriale?.
SONANVO, C. E., GAKPE, F., & LOKONON, B. (2019). Entrepreneuriat des femmes: analyse des facteurs explicatifs dans la ville de Parakou. Université de Parakou.
Song-Naba, F. (2020). Entrepreneurial Strategies Of Immigrant Women In The Restaurant Industry In Burkina Faso, West Africa. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 25(03), 2050018.
Tchole, A. I. M., Li, Z. W., Wei, J. T., Ye, R. Z., Wang, W. J., Du, W. Y., ... & Cheeloo EcoHealth Consortium. (2020). Epidemic and control of COVID-19 in Niger: quantitative analyses in a least developed country. Journal of global health, 10(2).
United Nations. World population ageing, 1950–2050. Choice Rev. Online 2002, 40, 40– 1307.
van der Westhuizen, T., & Adelakun, Y. (2021). Social entrepreneurship in Nigeria through drivers of religion and work-desire. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies.
Wagner, M., Schaltegger, S., Hansen, E. G., & Fichter, K. (2021). University-linked programmes for sustainable entrepreneurship and regional development: how and with what impact?. Small Business Economics, 56(3), 1141-1158.
Woolley, J. L. (2014). The creation and configuration of infrastructure for entrepreneurship in emerging domains of activity. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 38(4), 721-747.
African Development Bank (AfDB): Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD): United Nations Development Program (UNDP). African Economic Outlook 2017: Entrepreneurship and Industrialization; OECD Publishing: Paris, France, 2017; p. 317.
Allen, A., Howard, J., Kondo, M., Jamison, A., Jayne, T., Snyder, J., ... & Yeboah, K. F. (2016). Agrifood Youth Employment and Engagement Study. Michigan State University: East Lansing, MI, USA.
Amin, Mohammad. "Gender and firm-size: Evidence from Africa." Economics Bulletin 30, no. 1 (2010): 663-668.
Audretsch, D. B., Heger, D., & Veith, T. (2015). Infrastructure and entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 44(2), 219-230.
Baliamoune-Lutz, M., & Lutz, S. (2017). Gender and firm performance in middle eastern and african economies.
Boukari, M. N. (2019). Les facteurs clés de succès de l’entrepreneuriat des immigrés au Niger: cas des salons de coiffure. Revue Congolaise de Gestion, 27(1), 129-157.
Brixiová, Z., Ncube, M., & Bicaba, Z. (2015). Skills and youth entrepreneurship in Africa: analysis with evidence from Swaziland. World development, 67, 11-26.
Debarliev, S., Janeska-Iliev, A., Stripeikis, O., & Zupan, B. (2022). What can education bring to entrepreneurship? Formal versus non-formal education. Journal of Small Business Management, 60(1), 219-252.
Dedehouanou, S. F. A., & Araar, A. (2020). Gender, entrepreneurship and food security in Niger. Review of Development Economics, 24(3), 815-830.
Douyon, R. (2020). Les caractéristiques de l’entrepreneuriat culturel et créatif dans le contexte malien. Revue internationale PME, 33(3-4), 81-103.
Faggio, G., & Silva, O. (2014). Self-employment and entrepreneurship in urban and rural labour markets. Journal of Urban Economics, 84, 67-85.
Florida, R. (2010). The great reset: How new ways of living and working drive post-crash prosperity. Random House Canada.
Food and Administration Organization (2017). The Future of Food and Agriculture: Trends and Challenges; FAO: Rome, Italy.
Freire-Gibb, L. C., & Nielsen, K. (2014). L’esprit d’entreprise dans les zones tant urbaines que rurales: la population créative et les réseaux sociaux. Regional Studies, 48(1), 139-153.
Glaeser, E. L., Rosenthal, S. S., & Strange, W. C. (2010). Urban economics and entrepreneurship. Journal of urban economics, 67(1), 1-14.
HAROUNA, M. (2020). Les déterminants de l'intention entrepreneuriale chez les étudiants de l’Université de Dosso au Niger. Revue Française d'Economie et de Gestion, 1(6).
Haut-Commissariat a l'initiative 3N (2012): Initiative ''3N'' pour la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle et le développement des agricultures durables. Available at https://reca-
niger.org/IMG/pdf/STRATEGIE_ADOPTE-18_AVRIL2012_VF.pdf. Accessed at
05.01.2022.
High Commission for the 3N initiative (2012): Initiative “3N” pour la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle et le développement agricole durables les Nigériens nourrissent les
Nigériens‘‘. Available at https://extranet.who.int/nutrition/gina/sites/default/filesstore/NER%202012%20La%20strat% C3%A9gie%203N.pdf. Accessed at 10.02.2022.
INS (2021). https://www.stat-niger.org/wp content/uploads/demographique_sociale/TBS_2020_VERSION_FINALE.pdf. Accessed at 03.01.2022
Isenberg, D. J. (2010). How to start an entrepreneurial revolution. Harvard business review, 88(6), 40-50.
Jogaratnam, G., Tse, E. C., & Olsen, M. D. (1999). An empirical analysis of entrepreneurship and performance in the restaurant industry. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 23(4), 339-353.
Kantis, H. D., Federico, J. S., & García, S. I. (2020). Entrepreneurship policy and systemic conditions: Evidence-based implications and recommendations for emerging countries. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 72, 100872.
Kantis, H. D., & Federico, J. S. (2012). Entrepreneurial ecosystems in Latin America: the role of policies, International Research and Policy Roundtable (Kauffman Foundation).
Kenu, A. Z. (2019). Effect of marketing mix strategy on performance of SMEs evidence from selected manufacturing enterprises in Southern region, Ethiopia. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 8(12), 1129-1133.
Klyver, K., Hindle, K., & Meyer, D. (2008). Influence of social network structure on entrepreneurship participation—A study of 20 national cultures. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 4(3), 331-347.
Luc, R., & Vinayaya, S. (2020). Can Niger escape the demographic trap?.
Luo, Y., & Deng, J. (2008). The New Environmental Paradigm and nature-based tourism motivation. Journal of Travel research, 46(4), 392-402.
Ma, L., Niu, D., & Sun, W. (2021). Transportation infrastructure and entrepreneurship: Evidence from high-speed railway in China. China Economic Review, 65, 101577.
McCormick, D., & Pedersen, P. O. (1996). Small enterprises: Flexibility and networking in an African context.
Ministère de l'entreprenariat des jeunes (2019). Stratégie Nationale de Promotion de
l'entrepreneuriat des Jeunes au Niger. Available at https://www.giz.de/de/downloads/Strat%C3%A9gie%20nationale%20de%20promotion%20d e%20%20Niger%20(2020_2029).pdf. Accessed at 10.02.2022.
Ministère nigérien de l'entrepreneuriat des jeunes. (2019). STRATEGIE NATIONALE DE
PROMOTION DE L'ENTREPRENEURIAT DES JEUNES AU NIGER 2020-2029.
Available at
https://www.giz.de/de/downloads/Strat%C3%A9gie%20nationale%20de%20promotion%20d e%20%20Niger%20(2020_2029).pdf. Accessed at 04.01.2022.
Nagler, P., & Naudé, W. (2017). Non-farm entrepreneurship in rural sub-Saharan Africa: New empirical evidence. Food policy, 67, 175-191.
Odumosu, A. A., Binuyo, A. O., Adefulu, A. D., & Asikhia, O. U. (2020). Social innovation and graduate entrepreneurship in Nigeria. IOSR J. Bus. Manag, 22, 48-55.
Omeje, A. N., Jideofor, A., & Ugwu, M. O. (2020). Youth empowerment and entrepreneurship in Nigeria: Implication for economic diversification. SAGE Open, 10(4), 2158244020982996.
Omoju, O. E., & Abraham, T. W. (2014). Youth bulge and demographic dividend in Nigeria. African Population Studies, 27(2), 352-360.
Owualah, S. L. (1999). Tackling youth unemployment through entrepreneurship. International Small Business Journal, 17(3), 49-59.
Reynolds, PD and RT Curtain (2008): Business creation in the United States: Panel study of entrepreneurial dynamics II. Initial assessment. Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 4(3), 155–307.
Sawadogo, A. F. W. Quel effet du parcours scolaire sur les aspirations des jeunes à une carrière entrepreneuriale?.
SONANVO, C. E., GAKPE, F., & LOKONON, B. (2019). Entrepreneuriat des femmes: analyse des facteurs explicatifs dans la ville de Parakou. Université de Parakou.
Song-Naba, F. (2020). Entrepreneurial Strategies Of Immigrant Women In The Restaurant Industry In Burkina Faso, West Africa. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 25(03), 2050018.
Tchole, A. I. M., Li, Z. W., Wei, J. T., Ye, R. Z., Wang, W. J., Du, W. Y., ... & Cheeloo EcoHealth Consortium. (2020). Epidemic and control of COVID-19 in Niger: quantitative analyses in a least developed country. Journal of global health, 10(2).
United Nations. World population ageing, 1950–2050. Choice Rev. Online 2002, 40, 40– 1307.
van der Westhuizen, T., & Adelakun, Y. (2021). Social entrepreneurship in Nigeria through drivers of religion and work-desire. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies.
Wagner, M., Schaltegger, S., Hansen, E. G., & Fichter, K. (2021). University-linked programmes for sustainable entrepreneurship and regional development: how and with what impact?. Small Business Economics, 56(3), 1141-1158.
Woolley, J. L. (2014). The creation and configuration of infrastructure for entrepreneurship in emerging domains of activity. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 38(4), 721-747.
Published
2022-07-21
How to Cite
Abdoul-Azize, H. T. (2022). Factors Affecting the Development of Small Medium Enterprises in the Niger Republic: An Exploratory Study . Asian Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship and Social Science, 2(03), 183-197. Retrieved from https://ajmesc.com/index.php/ajmesc/article/view/108
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